CoQ10

CoQ10 is a naturally occurring nutrient found in each cell of the body. CoQ10 was first identified by University of Wisconsin researchers in 1957. CoQ10 -- also spelled CoQ 10 -- is found in foods, particularly in fish and meats. In addition to playing a significant role in the energy system of each of our cells, CoQ10 is also believed to have antioxidant properties. Many who take CoQ10 notice that this nutrient enhances physical energy.

CoQ10 Benefit
Studies with CoQ10 have mostly focused on its benefit involving certain types of cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and hypertension. However, CoQ10 has also been evaluated for high cholesterol and in diabetes. Studies with CoQ10 and Parkinson's disease have not yielded consistent results. We still have a long way to go to determine the proper clinical role and benefit of CoQ10.

CoQ10 Dosage
CoQ10 is available in a variety of dosages ranging from 10 mg to 300 mg per capsule. I personally believe that high doses are not needed, and may even be unhelpful or detrimental. Just as we recently discovered that high doses of vitamin E, generally over 400 units, are not beneficial, or even potentially harmful, we may eventually discover the same about CoQ10. I would not feel comfortable recommending to my patients to take more than 50 mg or maximum 100 mg of CoQ10 a day, unless for the temporary treatment of a medical condition.

Coq10 Benefit - Studies with CoQ10
Diabetes: CoQ10 may be of slight benefit in diabetics. It helps improve the function of endothelial cells lining blood vessels and may slightly help with blood sugar control.

Heart Attacks: In a small trial of patients with recent myocardial infarction, CoQ10 -- used in addition to aspirin and cholesterol-lowering drugs -- decreased the likelihood of further cardiac events for at least one year after the heart attack. The dosage of CoQ10 used in the study was 60 mg twice daily.

Heart Failure: One study in patients with heart failure showed significant improvement in functional status, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in end stage heart failure patients who were placed on CoQ10 (see bottom of page).

Hypertension: CoQ10 may help lower blood pressure by a small amount in some people.

Cholesterol: Individuals on cholesterol medicines of the statin class such as Lipitor and others, may consider taking CoQ10 supplements since statins decrease blood CoQ10 levels (see study bottom of page).

How does CoQ10 work?
Each cell in the body needs a source of energy to survive, so cells break down sugars, fats, and amino acids to make energy. Small enclosures within cells that make this energy are called mitochondria. CoQ10 exists naturally in our mitochondria and carries electrons involved in energy metabolism. CoQ10 is essential in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic energy molecule of each cell.
In the bloodstream, CoQ10 is mainly transported by lipoproteins such as LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). It is thought that CoQ10 is one of the first antioxidants to be depleted when LDL is subjected to oxidation. Hence, CoQ10 is an important nutrient that prevents the oxidation of lipoproteins, thus potentially reducing the risk of arteries from forming plaques and getting damaged.
In healthy individuals, CoQ10 is found in high concentrations in the heart, kidneys, and liver.

CoQ10 and Drug interactions
The administration of CoQ10 and warfarin does not significantly affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in rats. A Human trial shows Co Q10 and Ginkgo biloba do not influence the clinical effect of warfarin. Those who take statin drugs may consider taking additional CoQ10.

Side Effects ov CoQ10
High dosages of CoQ10 can induce restlessness and insomnia. Long term side effects of high dose CoQ10 use are not clear at this time.

CoQ10 Recommendations
CoQ10 is probably beneficial in cardiovascular conditions and this nutrient will likely be found to play some positive role in cognitive or neurodegenerative disorders, but more studies are needed.
In the meantime, it would seem appropriate to supplement with this nutrient as part of a long-term health regimen, particularly for those with cardiovascular conditions. Long-term therapy with 10 to 60 mg a few days a week seems a reasonable option for many individuals.